ABSTRACT
La transición epidemiológica observada en las últimas décadas ha implicado un aumento creciente de enfermedades crónicas, fenómeno asociados con el estilo de vida de la población, al modelo alimentario y al sedentarismo, lo que predispone a la obesidad y a la resistencia a la insulina, condicionando patologías cardio metabólicas como la hipertensión arterial y la dislipidemia, favoreciendo el desarrollo del síndrome metabólico. El tratamiento consiste en el manejo farmacológico, mejoras en los hábitos alimentarios y la incorporación de la actividad física a la rutina diaria. Tradicionalmente los programas de ejercicio están orientados a un método aeróbico para mejorar los parámetros alterados. Sin embargo, actualmente han surgido nuevas estrategias de intervención como el entrenamiento interválico de alta intensidad, que ha evolucionado como un modelo de intervención eficaz, con real impacto en el estado de salud de la población. El objetivo de esta revisión es entregar una mirada histórica y actualizada del ejercicio interválico de alta intensidad, de su impacto en la población y de las adaptaciones fisiológicas que respaldan su uso como herramienta terapéutica.
The epidemiological transition observed in recent decades has led to a continuous increase in chronic non communicable diseases, phenomenon associated with the lifestyle of the population, the dietary pattern and physical inactivity, which predisposes to obesity and insulin resistance, conditioning cardiometabolic disease such as hypertension and dyslipidemia, allowing the development of metabolic syndrome. The treatment consists of pharmacological management, improving dietary habits and the incorporation of physical activity into the daily routine. Traditionally exercise programs are oriented to aerobic methods for improving altered parameters. New intervention strategies such as high-intensity interval training have been developed, which has evolved as a model of effective action, with a real positive impact on the health status of the population. The objective of this review is to provide a historical and updated look of high-intensity interval exercise, its impact on the population and physiological adaptations that support its use as a therapeutic tool.
Subject(s)
Humans , Metabolic Syndrome , Endurance Training , Weights and Measures , Maternal Health , Latin America , Mother-Child RelationsSubject(s)
Humans , Public Facilities , Exercise , Fitness Centers , Risk Factors , Sedentary BehaviorABSTRACT
Background: Heart rate variability analysis provides quantitative information about vagal and sympathetic modulation of cardiac function. Aim: To analyze the relationship between heart rate variability and insulin resistance in obese patients. Material and Methods: Male participants were studied, divided in 10 obese subjects aged 27 ± 2 years with a body mass index (BMI) of 31.2 ± 1.3 kg/m², 15 overweight subjects aged 24 ± 3 years with a BMI of 26.7 ± 1.5 kg/m² and 14 normal weight subjects aged 21 ± 2 years with a BMI of 22.5 ± 1.3 kg/m². Resting heart rate variability was measured in a period of 5 minutes. A spectral analysis was done measuring the low frequency/high frequency ratio (LF/HF). A non- linear analysis was carried out measuring the standard deviation of the instantaneous variation of RR intervals (SD1) and α-1 or a fractal analysis of RR interval complexity. A fasting blood sample was obtained to measure blood glucose and insulin and calculate the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Results: Among obese subjects HOMA-IR, LF/HF, α-1 and SD1 values were 2.6 ± 2.1, 2.4 ± 1.8, 1.2 ± 0.06 and 22.5 ± 10 respectively. The figures for normal weight subjects were 0.5 ± 0.1, 1.3 ± 0.2, 0.9 ± 0.3 and 26 ± 7.8 respectively. Conclusions: There is an association between spectral and fractal values of heart rate variability and HOMA-IR. These results may indicate a predominance of sympathetic control of heart rate among obese subjects.